Periscope Inventors Sir Howard Grubb and Simon Lake

Periscope Inventors Sir Howard Grubb and Simon Lake A periscope  is an optical device for conducting observations from a concealed or protected position. Simple periscopes consist of reflecting mirrors and/or prisms at opposite ends of a tube container. The reflecting surfaces are parallel to each other and at a 45 ° angle to the axis of the tube. The Military This basic form of periscope, with the addition of two simple lenses, served for observation purposes in the trenches during  World War I. Military personnel also use periscopes in some  gun turrets. Tanks  use periscopes extensively: They allow military personnel to check out their situation without leaving the safety of the tank. An important development, the  Gundlach rotary periscope, incorporated a rotating top, allowing a tank commander to obtain a 360-degree field of view without moving his seat.  This design, patented by  Rudolf Gundlach  in 1936, first saw use in the  Polish  7-TP  light tank (produced from 1935 to 1939).   Periscopes also  enabled soldiers to see over the tops of trenches, thus avoiding exposure to enemy fire (especially from snipers).  During  World War II, artillery observers and officers used specifically-manufactured periscope binoculars with different mountings. More complex periscopes, using  prisms  and/or advanced fiber optics instead of mirrors, and providing magnification, operate on  submarines  and in various fields of science. The overall design of the classical submarine periscope is very simple: two telescopes pointed into each other. If the two telescopes have different individual magnification, the difference between them causes an overall magnification or reduction.​ Sir Howard Grubb   The Navy attributes the invention of the periscope (1902) to Simon Lake and the perfection of the periscope to Sir Howard Grubb. For all its innovations,  USS Holland  had at least one major flaw; lack of vision when submerged. The submarine had to broach the surface so the crew could look out through windows in the conning tower. Broaching deprived the Holland of one of the submarine’s greatest advantages – stealth. Lack of vision, when submerged, was eventually corrected when Simon Lake used prisms and lenses to develop the omniscope, forerunner of the periscope. Sir Howard Grubb, a designer of astronomical instruments, developed the modern periscope that was first used in Holland-designed British Royal Navy submarines. For more than 50 years, the periscope was the submarine’s only visual aid until underwater television was installed aboard the nuclear-powered submarine  USS Nautilus. Thomas Grubb (1800-1878) founded a telescope-making firm in Dublin. Sir Howard Grubbs father was noted for inventing and constructing machinery for printing. In the early 1830s, he made an observatory for his own use equipped with a 9-inch (23cm) telescope. Thomas Grubbs youngest son Howard (1844-1931) joined the firm in 1865, under his hand the company gained a reputation for the first-class Grubb telescopes. During the First World War, demand was on Grubbs factory to make gunsights and periscopes for the war effort and it was during those years that Grubb perfected the periscopes design.

Free Essays on Forced Medications

To insure that all patients have rights, President Bill Clinton passed a bill in September 1996. This bill was appropriately called The Patient’s Bill of Rights. This bill states that no patients can be physically, emotionally, sexually, or financially abused or neglected. One of the rights in this bill is the patient’s right to take part in one’s own medical treatment plan. Unfortunately not every patient has the mental capacity to do this. A patient may be uneducated about the plan or mentally impaired. This is when patient advocates need to be employed. Forced Medication 2 Another right in this bill is the patient’s right to refuse treatment. This bill is violated every day, in one form or another. I have worked in health care for nine years. I have seen patients being forced to take medication. Of course, this doesn’t necessarily mean physically forced into someone’s mouth. It can mean lying to a confused patient, and telling them that the medication is candy, or giving medication in food without the patient’s knowledge. All of these examples are violations of patients’ rights. Some cases of forced medications are more extreme. By law, our government can force a person to take antipsychotic medication. One example of this is the case of US vs. Sell. In this case, Dr. Sell, a nonviolent pretrial detainee was forced to take antipsychotic, mind-altering drugs. The judge in this case ruled that Dr. Sell was mentally incompetent to withstand a trial. During the trial Dr. Sell, who suffers from a mental disorder, was spitting and shouting out racial slurs. However, there is not proof that Dr. Sell is a threat to himself or others. He was being rude and difficult to manage. This does not give the judge the right to force medication on him. Restraining patients for conve... Free Essays on Forced Medications Free Essays on Forced Medications To insure that all patients have rights, President Bill Clinton passed a bill in September 1996. This bill was appropriately called The Patient’s Bill of Rights. This bill states that no patients can be physically, emotionally, sexually, or financially abused or neglected. One of the rights in this bill is the patient’s right to take part in one’s own medical treatment plan. Unfortunately not every patient has the mental capacity to do this. A patient may be uneducated about the plan or mentally impaired. This is when patient advocates need to be employed. Forced Medication 2 Another right in this bill is the patient’s right to refuse treatment. This bill is violated every day, in one form or another. I have worked in health care for nine years. I have seen patients being forced to take medication. Of course, this doesn’t necessarily mean physically forced into someone’s mouth. It can mean lying to a confused patient, and telling them that the medication is candy, or giving medication in food without the patient’s knowledge. All of these examples are violations of patients’ rights. Some cases of forced medications are more extreme. By law, our government can force a person to take antipsychotic medication. One example of this is the case of US vs. Sell. In this case, Dr. Sell, a nonviolent pretrial detainee was forced to take antipsychotic, mind-altering drugs. The judge in this case ruled that Dr. Sell was mentally incompetent to withstand a trial. During the trial Dr. Sell, who suffers from a mental disorder, was spitting and shouting out racial slurs. However, there is not proof that Dr. Sell is a threat to himself or others. He was being rude and difficult to manage. This does not give the judge the right to force medication on him. Restraining patients for conve...

Most Wanted Transportation Improvement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Most Wanted Transportation Improvement - Essay Example Board saw the need to alert the public about the different safety regulations which have to be imposed and which have to be complied with in the transportation sector. The safety of Emergency Medical Services flights, more particularly the Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) flights were recently added to the list. The NTSB accurately pointed out that the mission of the EMS is to save lives; therefore, operating an EMS flight in an unsafe environment â€Å"just makes no sense† (Rosenker, as quoted by Air Safety Week, 2008). This most wanted improvement identified by the NTSB involves the â€Å"conduct of flights with medical personnel on board in accordance with commuter aircraft regulations† (NTSB, 2009). This improvement is also being described in terms of developing and implementing flight risk evaluation programs; requiring formalized dispatch and flight-following procedures plus up-to-date weather information; and installing terrain awareness and warning systems on aircrafts (NTSB, 2009). In 2006, the NTSB adopted the NTSB Special Investigation Report where they sought out to establish the importance of the EMS and of guaranteeing the safety of these flights. This report assessed EMS accidents from January 2002 to January 2005 and they were able to uncover about 55 EMS accidents during said time with 29 of these accidents preventable through corrective measures (SafeMedFlight, n.d). Most of these flights involved helicopters deployed by the EMS where, most recent figures registered a total of 35 casualties. The preventable nature of these accidents is an important indicator of the need to implement changes and improvements in EMS flights. The report above prompted the NTSB to seek the assistance of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in order for the latter to adopt measures in order to improve the safety of EMS flights. The NTSB was able to establish, during its investigation and assessments, that there seem to be less stringent

Ethics Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Ethics Paper - Essay Example While some may regard this as a victory, there are three reasons why ethics does not support the law in the instance in which this nine year old child is returned to her parents after so many years, and there are two schools of ethics, Ends Based and Care based that one might use to solve such a dilemma. The first reason why ethics does not support the law in this particular situation is that problems with attachment can develop if a child is suddenly uprooted from a family that she regards as her own and is placed with people she is unfamiliar with, even if they are her biological parents. This girl has been with her foster parents all of these years, has formed a bond with them, and they have played a major role in her social and emotional development. Now, she is uprooted, and she must go to people she has never met in her entire life to pick up where she left off. Research shows that it is quite traumatic to a child to be uprooted from a comforting environment, where attachments are formed, to be placed in one that is completely unfamiliar. For instance a journal article titled "Expressed emotions, early caregiver-child interaction, and disorders" talks about the importance of attachment and how it is the framework of the child's development.

Wrong reason Essay Example for Free

Wrong reason Essay It is sad that some marriages begin for what may be labeled a wrong reason. Some marriages were entered expressly for physical reasons. Perhaps the participants were infatuated with the others looks. Sexual gratification has no doubt given birth to many wed locks. Physical appearances change as age sets in and these marriages land in the divorce courts. Infidelity often crops up in these marriages but as said in Hebrews 13:4, Marriage is honorable among all, and the bed undefiled; but fornicators and adulterers God will judge. Being unfaithfulness in a marriage relationship is a sure way to bring about troubles and divorce. Gods design for the home is one man and one wife. There is no place for a second wife, a second husband, a concubine, a mistress, etc. The intimacy and fidelity which a marriage is to have can melt away when either partner turns to someone else for love and companionship. If the two have become one flesh, then there is no place for a third in the mix. Another challenge which arises occasionally is in-laws who desire to interfere in a marriage. There is nothing wrong with advice, helpful suggestions, and offers to give a hand, but when extended family become involved in a marriage more than they ought, it is time to establish appropriate boundaries immediately. Whether from the husbands or the wifes side, the in-laws must be made aware of their proper connection to the relationship. They are encouragers of, not participants in the marriage. Many youngsters marry in order to spite their parents. A good reason to get into wedlock is because parents did not like him/her. These marriages are made with the intention of harming another; the result will be doubtless harm to oneself. Also money is one of the primary things which lead couples to knock on the divorce doors. If money is the foundation of a marriage it can never bring in any warmth. Then there are different isolated issues which may break marriages. One woman was impressed by a fellow who gave a large amount of his time and money to charity. After she married him, it was her money and time that could have been spent with her that went to charity. She was not at all impressed with his generosity now. In different cultures, values are so wide spread and commonly held that they are taken for granted. Cross cultural marriages require special investigation because the people never think that other cultures have different ways of doing things. A woman from an upper class South America background married a US fellow who was studying to become a professor. She did not realize that US professors are not well paid. She ended up living in what to her was degrading poverty. He did not realize that upper class women from her country did not do housework. It was the duty of the husband to hire the help or do the work himself. He ended up doing it himself. Then what happens to the issues of these broken marriages? Broken families are one of lifes greatest tragedies. Divorce hurts! Children are robbed of the special experience and protection called Family. They move on in their lives without the understanding of what familial security and bond is. There is anger and bitterness in them and a feeling of guilt for parents use them as the target of their fights. A feeling of shame and inferiority creeps in and they hold a very low esteem of themselves. They often feel rejected. The feeling that one has been abandoned by the two closest people in the world often leaves scars that are difficult to heal. A loss of family identity often makes one feel inadequate or incomplete. Research shows that people who come from broken families are twice as much at risk in having failed marriages. Many of us do not realize how much we actually pick up from our own upbringing. Thus children of broken marriages suffer in deep emotional pain, ill health, depression, anxiety, even shortened life span. They tend to drop out of school, very few attend college, they earn less income, they develop more addictions to drugs and alcohol, and they engage in increased violence. Trusting each other is a very important ingredient of a marriage. Many people get into marriage, thinking that love is all they need. Most of us are not told that marriage requires work. Marriage is hard work. There are, of course, happy times but there will also be trying and painful times. In marriage, a woman and a man trust their souls to each other and with love and commitment and each improves the other. â€Å"It is like lifting a heavy load,† say Linda McConahey. â€Å"It is much easier if you join hands and help each other. In 1 Corinthians 7: 3-4, Paul writes, Let the husband render to his wife the affection due her, and likewise also the wife to her husband. The wife does not have authority over her own body, but the husband does. And likewise the husband does not have authority over his own body, but the wife does. Just as we are obliged to do good in the service of our Lord, we are bound to also do good for our spouse. In our relationship to the Lord, we belong to Him; in the marriage relationship, the husband and wife belong to one another. Sources: Why Marriages Fail by Kerby Anderson, www. probe. org Why Many Marriages Fail James Long, http://www.analog-rf.com/

The Negative Effects of Automobile Emissions Pollution Essays -- Envir

The Negative Effects of Automobile Emissions Pollution Charles Dickens wrote about the dirty conditions of London, England by saying, "Smoke lowering down from chimney pots, making a soft black drizzle, with flakes of soot in it as big as full-grown snowflakes – gone into mourning, one might imagine, for the death of the sun . . . Fog everywhere . . . fog down the river, where it rolls defiled among the tiers of shipping, and the waterside pollutions of a great (and dirty) city" (Qtd. Langone 28). The problem with the air back in Dickens’ day was all of the coal that was burned for heat and power. Today, we do not often use coal in our individual homes or businesses, but we still have a big problem with our air. Automobiles are our main problem today. In almost every large metropolitan area in the world, the effects of the pollution released from the cars can be seen, smelt and felt by the average person. When science and technology step in and actually measure the amounts of pollution present, the effects become even more shocking. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) measures the amount of pollution in our air on a scale they call the Pollution Standards Index or the PSI. This scale measures several different pollutants including: carbon monoxide, ground-level ozone, lead, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter and sulfur dioxide (EPA 2). Automobiles contribute to four of the six pollutants measured on the scale: Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide (Patterson 6). The scale also explains at what levels the pollutants become unhealthy and what we should do to protect ourselves. At the Good and Moderate levels of the scale, there are no serious health effects found. At the Unhealthful... .... Phoenix, August 1991. "Environmental Profile for: Maricopa County, Arizona. Air Quality". Environmental Protection Agency. 24 November, 1998. http://www.epa.gov/epahome/general.htm Kraft, Michael. Vig, Norman. Environmental Policy in the 1990’s. Washington D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1994. Langone, John. Our Endangered Earth. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1992. Levy, John. Contemporary Urban Planning. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1997. Lorenzetti, Maureen S. Alternative Motor Fuels. Tulsa: PennWell Publishing Co., 1996. Morgan, James, et al. The Technical Feasibility, Socio-Economic Impact and Environmental Benefits of Alternative Energy Vehicles As Related To The State of Arizona. Northern Arizona University, 1986. Patterson, D.J. Emissions From Combustion Engines And Their Control. Ann Arbor: Ann Arbor Science Publishers, 1972.

The Transformation of Psychology

The Transformation of Pyschology From the 1920s to today, psychology has surely developed. Technological advancements as well as new ideas and ways of thinking about the subject helped to reform what psychology is today. Rather than completely changing, psychology has actually built up more and more through the decades. New branches were added to the field as those who studied it made new breakthroughs. Over the years many scientists and psychologists have contributed to the transformation of psychology. Up until the 1920’s, psychology was defined as the science of mental life.It wasn’t until then that the idea of behaviorism became more prominent in psychology. During the time period between the 1920’s and the 1960’s, American psychologists led by John Watson redefined the meaning of psychology into a science of mental life and observable behavior. Not only did Watson redefine psychology, he also started the psychological school of behaviorism. It was als o around this time that Watson and his partner Rosalie Rayner conducted their conditioning experiment. The idea of classical conditioning came into play when behaviorism became a major branch of psychology.Between the 1950’s and 1970s, the mental perspective of psychology came back, producing another new branch. This new branch was called cognitive psychology. Cognitive psychology focused mainly on mental processes such as thinking, problem solving, memory, decision making, and language. The term â€Å"cognitive psychology† was first used in 1967 by the American psychologist named Ulric Neisser. To go along with cognitive psychology is the topic of cognitive development. This theory was concerned with the development of a person’s thought process.Jean Piaget published The Moral Judgment of Children which began his popularity as a theorist in cognitive development. As a reaction to behaviorism and psychoanalysis (a type developed by Freud, before the 1920s) , ano ther new type of psychology called humanism arose. Humanistic psychology stressed the importance of self-actualization and growth, and focused mainly on one’s potential. This new view on psychology was created by Abraham Maslow in the 1950s. He published Toward a Psychology of Being, in which he described humanistic psychology as â€Å"the third force† in psychology (behind behavioral and psychoanalysis).After the emergence of these new branches, psychology started to become more technologically advanced. Scientists and psychologists became interested in exploring the brain without removing it from subjects. They started to develop new technology. An example of this was in 1981, when a team developed the PET scan, which enabled doctors to view a computer generated image of the brain and when it is most active during certain mental activities. Today, technology continues to improve, which help psychologists discover more. Through the decades, psychology has undergone so me great changes.As new ideas came into play, new ways of thinking molded and shaped psychology into what it is today. Not only did psychology become a science of behavioral and mental life, but it also gained new branches that go even deeper. Psychology will most likely continue to grow and develop over the years. As technology advances, scientists and psychologists will discover even more and psychology will continue to expand as it did from the 1920’s until now.

Comparing two poems Essay

In this essay I will be comparing two poems. These poems are on the topic of war which is very relevant especially as there is a war going on in Iraq as I am writing this. The first poem I am going to write about called: â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† is written by Wilfred Owen. He had first hand experience of war as he was a soldier; so he will give us a very honest opinion of war and what it was really like to fight in one. Unfortunately for him he was killed in action a week before the war ended. The poem has a very strong anti-war feeling about it; it is his personal view that dying for your country is not a very good thing and in the poem he conveys this to us by giving us very clear mental pictures of the horrible effects of war. Wilfred Owens’s attitude to war is that he is frustrated, angry and resentful of it. The poem type Wilfred uses in this poem is the Sonnet; this is odd because Sonnet poems are usually about love but in this case he is writing about hurt; rhythm of the octaves in this poem is slow and speeds up in the sestet. These ties in with the mood of the poem e.g.: â€Å"Gas! Gas! Gas! † This line has been broken up with exclamation marks to show that there is an emergency. Then it slows down quite considerably again in the final stanza to make us think of the suffering the soldiers go through. It is wonderful the way that he structures this poem from the soldiers’ feelings, to his own and then he asks the reader for their views. There is one very noticeable thing about the structure and that is that there are two lines of the poem on their own; also these line are not in the past tense like the rest of the poem and this is because he is trying to emphasize the mental scars of war which remain with him in the present. He gives us a very detailed mental picture and he gives us this in all three verses. In verse 1 he talks about the physical breakdown of the soldiers. He builds up this mental image of suffering e.g.: â€Å"knocked kneed†, and he continues this mental picture into versus 2 as he talks about his fellow solider suffering and dying in the gas as he can’t get his helmet on. He uses verbs in this verse in a clever way e.g.: Fumbling and floundering. E.g.: â€Å"†¦Fumbling, Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time.† â€Å"And floundering like a man in fire or lime.† In verse 3 he uses Onomatopoeic e.g.: gargling. He uses this word to explain how his fellow solider died e.g. â€Å"†¦Gargling from the forth-corrupted lungs.† The pain that this soldier suffered is conveyed to us in a very gruesome way e.g.: â€Å"As under a green sea, I saw him drowning.† What he means by that is he has breathed in so much gas its suffocating him so it is ver y like drowning. Another example â€Å"He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.† In the first verse he uses metaphors in a very powerful way e.g. â€Å"Blood shod†, â€Å"drunk with fatigue† to show the exhaustion and suffering of the soldiers. Also the Onomatopoeic words in the first verse â€Å"sludge† and â€Å"trudge†, show us how the soldiers slowly marched ; it tell us also that they had no determination and enthusiasm lift to fight for their country. Wilfred Owen is basically saying in this poem that he’s been there and it’s not that good at all to fight for your country. This is the complete opposite of what Lord Tennyson talks about in â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade†. Lord Tennyson’s poem is different from Wilfred Owen in a number of ways. Firstly Lord Tennyson has never fought in a war; Tennyson poem is also saying that it is good to die for your country and Tennyson’s poem is about the soldiers being heroes and noble men. The poet’s attitude to war is that it is an honorable and noble thing to die for your country. The tone of this poem is fast and very sharp e.g.: â€Å"Forward, the Light Brigade! Charge for the guns! † Another example is â€Å"Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon in front of them† stays at this speed for most of the poem. Tennyson structures his poem in to 6 verses of even length. He starts off describing the advance in verse 1 and 2 e.g.: â€Å"Into the valley of death† â€Å"Forward, the Light Brigade!† then into verse 4 he talks about the heat of the battle e.g.: â€Å"Flashed all their sabers bare, Flashed as they turned in air, Sabring the gunners there.† In verses 5 and 6 he talks about the retreat e.g.: â€Å"Back from the mouth of Hell, All that was left of them† and he then goes on to say how courageous, noble and heroic the soldiers were e.g.: â€Å"honour the charge they made! Honour the light brigade, Noble six hundred†. Verse 6 is shorter than the rest as it is a tribute to the soldiers that fought in the war. The rhythm of the poem is regular; it conveys how inevitable the charge was. The rhyme sounds very grand, patriotic and has a musical tone about it. The poem type is a ballad. A ballad is usually a short narrative poem with stanzas of two or four lines and usually a refrain. They contain repetition e.g.: â€Å"Rode the six hundred† (which is on the end of every verse) another example: â€Å"Half league, half league, half league onward†. They are written in straight-forward verse, seldom with detail, but always with graphic simplicity and force. Many old-time ballads were written and performed by minstrels attached to noblemen’s courts. Language used in the poem is very powerful to glorify the charge rather than show pity. He uses metaphors in his poem e.g.: â€Å"Into the valley of death†; there is also personification used in his poem e.g.: â€Å"Into the jaws of death† and â€Å"Into the mouth of hell† He uses these metaphors and personification in his poem to emphasize the suicidal march of the Light Brigade. The hell and death in these phrases reinforces the views of this being the end for the soldiers. I really liked the way that Tennyson brings the reader into his poem by asking a rhetorical question: â€Å"Was there a man dismayed?† and â€Å"When can their glory fade?† He does use a quite a lot of onomatopoeia e.g.: â€Å"Volleyed and thundered† and â€Å"†¦Shot and shell†. He has also chosen his verbs in his poem really well. They are Very prominent; convey idea of speed, the light and movement all in the one verb is â€Å"flashed†. The repetition is very powerful and significant in the poem from the very first line: â€Å"Half a league, Half a League, Half a league onward.† My personal view on war is that it is a terrible thing and should only be used for a last resort. I would only agree with a war at present if there was evidence to prove that Iraq have weapons of mass destruction and then I would consider it a just war and that we must get Saddam quickly and carefully to keep down the risk of innocent deaths. I personally prefer â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est.† by Wilfred Owen as it is more detailed and gives you very vivid pictures of the soldiers deaths and as Wilfred Owen was believable actually there it’s more in a sense as he was has seen it up close. This poem taught me that war is a bad thing and it’s not worth it; it helped me to appreciate how much pain some of the soldiers had to suffer in the war.

WildCheryl Strayed Is The Main Character Essay Example

WildCheryl Strayed Is The Main Character Essay Example WildCheryl Strayed Is The Main Character Paper WildCheryl Strayed Is The Main Character Paper Essay Topic: Call of the Wild Into the Wild In this book, she goes through a lot terrible things that force to change. She change, fear into brave. In the beginning Cheryl Strayed was a nice girl because she when in college, determined to get her BAA degree. However, during her senior year, she had lost her mothers In lung cancer, so she TLD ended up getting a degree. Follow up to her mother death, she watched her family disintegration, and got divorced at the same time. Four years later, Cheryl Strayed stared to change piece by piece; first she Is cheating and laying to Paul by kiss other men. At one point, she promised herself that she will stop messing around with other men, but nothing changed. Even worse than at first she had sex with three men In five days. She also takes drugs for temporary pleasure. Finally, she made the most Important decision of her Like Is to be brave and hike the PACT alone with no backpacking experience at all. Cheryl Is a brave, and strong woman. She steps Into the wild to find forgiveness: l knew that if I allowed fear to overtake me, my journey was doomed. Fear, to a great extent, is born of a story we tell ourselves, and so I chose to tell myself a different story from the one woman are told. I decided I was safe. I was strong. I was brave. Nothing could vanquish me. So She made up her mine to be brave, and kept walking. Also, Cheryl had changed her point of view of her mother. Before, she hated her mother because she smoked drug in front of her own kids. The worst part that she did is tells them to call her by her first name, and leaving be hide the child alone while she worked, and being cheered in an annoying point. As she hiked, she had forgiven her mother. She started to look at the good side of her mother that she had given her children everything, and had loved them more than anyone. At the end of her trial, she will never feel at the bottom again, at that place she was again. Degree. However, during her senior year, she had lost her mothers in lung cancer, so he didnt ended up getting a degree. Follow up to her mother death, she watched Strayed stared to change piece by piece; first she is cheating and laying to Paul by men in five days. She also takes drugs for temporary pleasure. Finally, she made the most important decision of her like is to be brave and hike the PACT alone with no backpacking experience at all. Cheryl is a brave, and strong woman. She steps into the wild to find forgiveness: l knew that if I allowed fear to overtake me, my Journey

Marcus Garvey and Embracing African Heritage

Marcus Garvey and Embracing African Heritage No Marcus Garvey biography  would be complete without defining the radical views that made him a threat to the status quo. The life story of the Jamaican-born activist starts well before he came to the United States following World War I when Harlem was an exciting place for African-American culture. Poets like Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen, as well as novelists like Nella Larsen and Zora Neale Hurston, created a vibrant literature that captured the black experience. Musicians such as Duke Ellington and Billie Holiday, playing and singing in Harlem nightclubs, invented what has been called Americas classical music- jazz. In the midst of this renaissance of African-American culture in New York (known as the Harlem Renaissance), Garvey seized the attention of both white and black Americans with his powerful oratory and ideas about separatism. During the 1920s, the UNIA, the foundation of Garveys movement, became what historian Lawrence Levine has called the broadest mass movement in African-American history. Early Life Garvey was born in Jamaica in 1887, which was then part of the British West Indies. As a teenager, Garvey moved from his small coastal village to Kingston, where political speakers and preachers entranced him with their public speaking skills. He began studying oratory and practicing on his own. Entrance into Politics Garvey became a foreman for a large printing business, but a strike in 1907 during which he sided with the workers instead of management, derailed his career. The realization that politics was his true passion prompted Garvey to begin organizing and writing on behalf of workers. He traveled to Central and South America, where he spoke out on behalf of West Indian expatriate workers. The UNIA Garvey went to London in 1912 where he met a group of black intellectuals who gathered to discuss ideas like anti-colonialism and African unity. Returning to Jamaica in 1914, Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association or UNIA. Among the UNIAs goals were the founding of colleges for general and vocational education, the promotion of business ownership and the encouragement of a sense of brotherhood among the African diaspora. Garveys Trip to America Garvey encountered difficulties organizing Jamaicans; the more affluent tended to oppose his teachings as a threat to their position. In 1916, Garvey decided to travel to the United States to learn more about Americas black population. He discovered the time was ripe for the UNIA in the United States. As African-American soldiers began serving in World War I, there was widespread belief that being loyal and performing their duty for the United States would result in white Americans addressing the terrible racial inequalities that existed in the nation. In reality, African-American soldiers, after having experienced a more tolerant culture in France, returned home after the war to find racism as deeply entrenched as ever. Garveys teachings spoke to those who had been so disappointed to discover the status quo still in place after the war. Garveys Teachings Garvey established a branch of the UNIA in New York City, where he held meetings, putting into practice the oratorical style he had honed in Jamaica. He preached racial pride, for instance, encouraging parents to give their daughters black dolls to play with. He told African-Americans they had the same opportunities and potential as any other group of people in the world. Up, you mighty race, he exhorted the attendees. Garvey aimed his message at all African-Americans. To that end, he not only established the newspaper Negro World but also held parades in which he marched, wearing a lively dark suit with gold stripes and sporting a white hat with a plume. Relationship with W.E.B. Du Bois Garvey clashed with prominent African-American leaders of the day, including W.E.B. Du Bois. Among his criticisms, Du Bois denounced Garvey for meeting with Ku Klux Klan (KKK) members in Atlanta. At this meeting, Garvey told the KKK that their goals were compatible. Like the KKK, Garvey said, he rejected miscegenation and the idea of social equality. Blacks in America needed to forge their own destiny, according to Garvey. Ideas like these horrified Du Bois, who called Garvey the most dangerous enemy of the Negro Race in America and in the world in a May 1924 issue of The Crisis. Back to Africa Garvey is sometimes said to have headed a back-to-Africa movement. He did not call for a widespread exodus of blacks out of the Americas and into Africa but did see the continent as a source of heritage, culture, and pride. Garvey believed in founding a nation to serve as a central homeland, as Palestine was for Jews. In 1919, Garvey and the UNIA established the Black Star Line for the dual purposes of carrying blacks to Africa and promoting the idea of black enterprise. The Black Star Line The Black Star Line was poorly managed and fell victim to unscrupulous businessmen who sold damaged ships to the shipping line. Garvey also chose poor associates to go into business with, some of whom apparently stole money from the business. Garvey and the UNIA sold stock in the business by mail, and the inability of the company to deliver on its promises resulted in the federal government prosecuting Garvey and four others for mail fraud. Exile Though Garvey was only guilty of inexperience and bad choices, he was convicted in 1923. He spent two years in jail;  President Calvin Coolidge  ended his sentence early, but Garvey was deported in 1927. He continued to work for the UNIAs goals after his exile from the United States, but he was never able to return. The UNIA struggled on but never reached the heights it had under Garvey. Sources Levine, Lawrence W. Marcus Garvey and the Politics of Revitalization. In  The Unpredictable Past: Explorations in American Cultural History. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. Lewis, David L.  W.E.B. Du Bois: The Fight for Equality and the American Century, 1919-1963. New York: Macmillan, 2001.

Gone With The Wind Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gone With The Wind - Research Proposal Example A good example of copyright issue that raised much debate is the relationship between Gone With The Wind (GWTW) and The Wind Done Gone (TWDG). Hence, this research will evaluate the copyright issues surrounding the conflict between GWTW and TWDG with reference to fair use and transformative elements. Research Question Does the re-write GWTW in the form of TWDG amounts to infringement of the copyright laws, and if so, does it violate the freedom of speech? Significance/ Discussion The significance of this research is to evaluate, and eventually understand the issues surrounding copyright laws. This is because copyright laws have certain exceptions, such as if the re-write of a given literary text is a satire or parody. No doubt, there are inadequate copyright laws that are effective in protecting the rights and creativity of the original authors. The big argument is that if the laws were stricter then they would violate the right to freedom of speech. According to Thampapillai in the article, The Novel as Social Satire: 60 Years Later, the Wind done Gone and the Limitations of Fair Use, the exceptions that parody or satire based re-writes do not amount to infringement promotes the freedom of speech that allows individuals to write what they think (Thampapillai). However, in some cases the copyright and freedom of speech may conflict, begging the question of which one should take precedence. This may take into account the utilitarian theory, which would advocate for the side that results in maximum benefits. For instance, it supports protection because it preserves the creativity of the authors. In the case of GWTW, Randall’s TWDG delivers the slavery story airbrushed by GWTW whereby it brings the accounts through a slave’s perspectives. Furthermore, the text draws some information from GWTW, which makes it re-write the GWTW story in a better way. Therefore, the aim of this research is to evaluate the relationship between GWTW and TWDG with regard t o copyright laws and all its related issues. The research will use several factors to evaluate in order to prove infringement or not. These factors include nature of the copyrighted work, effect on the potential market, and amount of suitability and finally use is for nonprofit educational nature or for commercial nature. These will help in evaluating whether the re-write in the case of GWTW amounts to infringement. Literature review In this research, I will present my arguments about copyright laws and issues surrounding using six texts or sources. In the first source, An Empirical Study of US Copyright Fair Use Opinions, Beebe explores the public perceptions on fair use and the copyright law in general. I will use this source to in my research to draw information on the status of copyright law of fair use with regard to the perspective of the public (Beebe 584). The main point of research will be whether fair use is beneficial of harmful to the literary industry, and how it can be regulated. This source will also provide information that I will use to compare the copyright law in the United States and that of Australia. The second source that I will use in the research is, â€Å"Free Speech and Intellectual Value†, an article by Bollinger, in which he explores the issue of free speech in relation to copyright law that my limit free speech (438). It will help me in understanding how promotion of free

Risk management and insuranc Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Risk management and insuranc - Assignment Example Secondly, the risk discovered is then measured in terms of the impact it can cause if it was to occur. That is done by estimating the frequency and severity of the risk. Alternative solutions are then examined to come up with the best way of solving the risk. The step puts more emphasis on how to deal with the risk and the most affordable alternative as well as choosing the most effective method to deal with the risk. The fourth step involves making a decision on which alternative to apply in order to manage the risk entirely. Risk managers come up with a conclusion of which method to use and, as a result, implement it. Potential methods are applied to either control or prevent the occurrence of a risk. After applying the solution, managers monitor the results of the activity performed to ensure quality work and fair progress of the risk management process. Managers also find the needed resources to fund the process (Outreville, 2014). Finally, the process ends up with an evaluation step. After implementing the alternative, an analysis is undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of the method towards managing risk. When it comes to comparing social security programs in different countries, one would be referring to the systems used by various countries to maintain the social security benefits programs. Comparing Australia and Mexico, both have employed new strategies of increasing the revenue they generate to support the programs. Australia has indeed increased the retirement age of women from 60 to 65 (Zavora, & Chepurny, 2014). The country has also strengthened the ways of determining whether an individual qualifies for age pension as well as instituting asset-based tests to help in the process. In Mexico, things seem to change a bit since the government has increased the year earnings as well as the contribution rates to