Evidence Based Practice Changes By Jean Martin Charcot And...

Evidence-based Practice Changes â€Å"To take away from neurology all the discoveries made by Charcot would be to render it unrecognizable† (Jay, 2000, p. 10). However, nurses of today recognize that had Lidwina of Schiedam lived during Jean Martin Charcot’s (1825-1893) and Florence Nightingale’s era (1859-1969), Lidwina’s nursing care would have been person-centered and focused on the environment and her physical factors (Alligood, 2014; Murray McDonald, 2005). Health care professionals of today are fortunate to now have a clinical description and classification of multiple sclerosis. As a result, with new discoveries, nurses continue to create, analyze, and evaluate nursing concepts, philosophies and theories using research-based evidence and clinical expertise (Institute of Medicine, 2001). The new discoveries, quality improvements, and evidence-based care that has changed the course of multiple sclerosis diagnosis, treatment, and care since Jean Martin Charcot and Florence Nightingale’s time is encouraging and exciting for those that live with the disease. New technologies and critical milestones abound. For example, in 1981 the first MRI pictures of a brain affected by MS was produced (Research News and Progress, 2016). Also, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been instrumental in allowing more precise diagnosis and important biomarkers for determining the effect of treatments from clinical trials (Koutsouraki Michmizos, 2014). These remarkable advances in

Ontological Arguments The Ontological Argument - 1453 Words

The nature of this question is pointing towards ontological arguments, these arguments claim that understanding God’s definition to be true can prove His existence. The proof used is a priori and this means that the propositions do no not require sense experience to be understood as true. The name ontological is taken from two Greek words, ‘ontos’ (being) and ‘logos’ (study of) which shows that the argument is concerned with the nature of God, and it is from His nature that His existence is argued for. In Proslogian, Anselm put forward his version of an ontological argument and his argument looks at having a definition for God that any person can believe, both the fool and the believer. I am going to argue against his argument as looking†¦show more content†¦This then means that God exists even in the mind of the atheist. The fool can accept the definition that God is the greatest being that can be conceived, she understands what she hears, a nd what she understands is obviously previously in her understanding, but she cannot understand it to exist. (Iep.utm.edu, 2015) Gaunilo rejects Anselm’s argument (On behalf of the fool, 1078) by using his own example of the Piland. His premises and conclusion are as followed: P1) A piland is an island which nothing greater can be conceived (thought of) P2) In my mind, a piland exists. P3) By definition, a piland that exists in my mind alone is not as great as one that exists in reality as well. P4) If my piland only exists in my mind that I can conceive a greater one, one that exists within reality too. C) Therefore, a piland exists in both mind and reality. This demonstrates that Anselm’s reasoning may be faulty and by using only a definition may not be enough proof to say that ‘God’ actually exists. However, the existence of the piland may be flawed in the ways that we can always conceive a better island. It seems to me that the sorts of ways in which an island is great are not the same conceptually as what makes God maximally perfect. For example, if one thinks that a

Financial Exploitation Determination of Probable Cause

Question: Describe about theFinancial Exploitation forDetermination of Probable Cause?. Answer: Background The case is about the crime of Theft in the first degree, committed by Derek Clint Yates in the City of Auburn, King Country, Washington. Eleanor H. Ludwig taught in the school for over thirty years in Kent. Later in 1981, she became involved in the investment business of real estate with her husband. They maintained 10 to 15 rental properties throughout South King Country. After the death of her husband, she began exhibiting short term memory changes and the signs of depression had increased. However, she employed Derek Yates for maintaining the work on various properties owned by her. In June 2011, Eleanor Ludwig hired Wilson and Sons, who was owned by Derek Yates' father. Eleanor and Yates developed the personal relationship and Ludwig shared the information related to her properties. She usually makes the payment in cheques but Yates refused to take cheques because he didn't have any bank account. She relied on him to help her in maintaining the properties and was loyal to him. He would manipulate her in giving him a large amount of money for the purchase of supplies and never provided receipts back to her. Therefore, no financial transactions could be made and due to this Eleanor Ludwig had been financially exploited by him (Anon., 2016). Areas Examined In the late August 2011, Eleanor Ludwig and Derek Yates decided to buy an additional property. Eleanor purchased a condominium along with Yates as the co-owner of the property but there was no record that he contributed any money to the transaction. All the documents were misfiled and the expenditures were unrecorded. We examined the financial records and related documents through the issuance of a search warrant and bank records of both Eleanor Ludwig and Derek Yates and suspect during the period between September, 2011 to August, 2012 in order to determine the total amount of cheques made payable to Derek Yates to purchase the supplies needed for maintaining and remodeling the various properties. Findings of the Investigation Through the investigation, it was found that Eleanor Ludwig wrote 103 cheques between 29th August 2011 to 5th September 2012 payable to Derek Yates with the total amount of $ 250,830. However, there is no indication from the written cheques by Eleanor Ludwig that Yates was paid a regular monthly fee for the work he performed on the properties. Ludwig also wrote the cheques to All City Bail Bonds for Yates amounted to $ 14,248 in March, 2012. An additional cheques were made payable by the Ludwig to Yates's family members (his mother, stepfather and girlfriend) for $ 4,251. Cause of Condition Eleanor Ludwig was living alone having the age of 84 years was financially exploited by Yates because she did not have the mental ability to handle the complex financial and property decisions. Her cognitive capacity to consent to release her property, income, resources or trust funds was failing significantly. She owns many properties with the limited means to care. To the great extent, Derek Yates had gained the trust of Eleanor Ludwig and obtained her consent to provide the money in advance for the purchase of supplies and never receive a refund. However, Ludwig's granddaughter Breanna Drennan tried to talk her about Yates, how he was unkind and yelled on her but Eleanor always came to his defense (Napsa-now.org, 2016). Effect of Condition The financial exploitation of the elder member is the increasing threat in the nation. They are less able to survive with their finances due to their income. In the financial exploitation most of the adults lose their savings along with their possession (Healthlinkbc.ca, 2016). It is the huge concern for the adults as it affects them badly and hinders their ability in maintaining their finances. However, the mental stability of Eleanor was significantly falling and this irregularity led to major financial losses to her. The trust among the members of the family is negatively impacted and their actions are abused. If these problems are not detected by anyone on time may cause a financial threat to the victim (Giaging.org, 2016). Conclusion Eleanor Ludwig was vulnerable to the financial exploitation by Derek C. Yates. She was maintaining the properties herself only and employed Yates to look after the properties owned by her. In the meanwhile, she had a hard time in maintaining the paperwork and keeping the records of the property and began to misplace the things related to the property. During this time period, Derek Yates had started taking the advantage of Ludwig. This leads to the state of dishonest tactics, undue influence and illegal means to exploit her (Justice.gov, 2016). However, Breanna Drennan granddaughter of Eleanor had initiated a Vulnerable Adult Protection Order against Derek Yates in order to protect her grandmother. After the investigation, the financial records of both Eleanor and Yates has been analyzed and found that in the beginning Yates was depositing the cheques written to him into his personal account and there was no record in the bank about the purpose of using the money him. Instead, it was spent on his daily activities. In addition, it was believed that she become fearful and had financial burden and stress which in turn resulted into the dramatic change in the emotional well being and lifestyle. Therefore, it was believed that Yates had committed the crime of Theft by Deception against Eleanor Ludwig (Justice.gov, 2016). Recommendations Financial exploitation arises when the person misuses the assets of the adult for his personal benefit. It is the fastest growing form of abusing the adults or the seniors, depriving them of the financial resources for their personal needs. There are many ways to address this financial exploitation. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau had founded various financial institutions considering the best way to serve the solution for the problems faced by the people (Consumerfinance, 2016) According to the jurisprudence and rules of law, the proper medical treatment of Eleanor Ludwig should be done. And the evidence should be collected to make Derek Yates accused of the crime of financial exploitation. The strict action should be taken against him and recover the amount he had spent during the period of maintaining the properties and the financial advisor should be hired for maintaining the accounts of Eleanor Ludwig (Usa.gov, 2016). To prevent the elder abuse, Eleanor should live with her family members and develop the frameworks to prevent, address and punish the culprit. There should be a joint account of the Eleanor and her family member in the bank to ensure the financial security and the power of attorney should be monitored. However, the State Legislatures and other agencies have taken major steps towards combating the financial abuse. References Anon., 2016. Yates Certification for Determination of Probable Cause. Consumerfinance, 2016. Recommendations and report for financial institutions on preventing and responding to elder financial exploitation. Giaging.org, 2016. Financial Exploitation. [Online] Available at: https://www.giaging.org/issues/financial-exploitation/ [Accessed 26 May 2016]. Healthlinkbc.ca, 2016. Financial Abuse of Older Adults. [Online] Available at: https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthfiles/hfile93d.stm [Accessed 26 May 2016]. Justice.gov, 2016. The United States Department of Justice. [Online] Available at: https://www.justice.gov/elderjustice/financial/faq.html#what-is-a-financial-management-plan [Accessed 25 May 2016]. Justice.gov, 2016. The United States Department of Justice. [Online] Available at: https://www.justice.gov/elderjustice/financial/faq.html#why-do-some-older-adults-fall-victim-to-financial-exploitation [Accessed 26 May 2016]. Napsa-now.org, 2016. Elder Financial Exploitation. [Online] Available at: https://www.napsa-now.org/policy-advocacy/exploitation/ [Accessed 25 May 2016]. Usa.gov, 2016. Popular Federal Laws and Regulations. [Online] Available at: https://www.usa.gov/laws-and-regulations [Accessed 26 May 2016].

Mind Games Sometimes a White Coat Isnt Just a White Coat Essays

Mind Games: Sometimes a White Coat Isnt Just a White Coat By SANDRA BLAKESLEEAPRIL 2, 2012 PERCEPTION Wearing a coat thought to be a doctors may improve attention. Credit Michael Temchine for The New York Times If you wear a white coat that you believe belongs to a doctor, your ability to pay attention increases sharply. But if you wear the same white coat believing it belongs to a painter, you will show no such improvement. So scientists report after studying a phenomenon they call enclothed cognition: the effects of clothing on cognitive processes. It is not enough to see a doctors coat hanging in your doorway, said Adam D. Galinsky, a professor at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, who led the study. The effect occurs only if you actually wear the coat and know its symbolic meaning that physicians tend to be careful, rigorous and good at paying attention. The findings, on the Web site of The Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, are a twist on a growing scientific field called embodied cognition. We think not just with our brains but with our bodies, Dr. Galinsky said, and our thought processes are based on physical experiences that set off associated abstract concepts. Now it appears that those experiences include the clothes we wear. I love the idea of trying to figure out why, when we put on certain clothes, we might more readily take on a role and how that might affect our basic abilities, said Joshua I. Davis, an assistant professor of psychology at Barnard College and expert on embodied cognition who was not involved with the study. This study does not fully explain how this comes about, he said, but it does suggest that it will be worth exploring various ideas. There is a huge body of work on embodied cognition, Dr. Galinsky said. The experience of washing your hands is associated with moral purity and ethical judgments. People rate others personally warmer if they hold a hot drink in their hand, and colder if they hold an iced drink. If you carry a heavy clipboard, you will feel more important. It has long been known that clothing affects how other people perceive us as well as how we think about ourselves, Dr. Galinsky said. Other experiments have shown that women who dress in a masculine fashion during a job interview are more likely to be hired, and a teaching assistant who wears formal clothes is perceived as more intelligent than one who dresses more casually. But the deeper question, the researchers said, is whether the clothing you wear affects your psychological processes. Does your outfit alter how you approach and interact with the world? So Dr. Galinsky and his colleague Hajo Adam conducted three experiments in which the clothes did not vary but their symbolic meaning was manipulated. In the first, 58 undergraduates were randomly assigned to wear a white lab coat or street clothes. Then they were given a test for selective attention based on their ability to notice incongruities, as when the word red appears in the color green. Those who wore the white lab coats made about half as many errors on incongruent trials as those who wore regular clothes. In the second experiment, 74 students were randomly assigned to one of three options: wearing a doctors coat, wearing a painters coat or seeing a doctors coat. Then they were given a test for sustained attention. They had to look at two very similar pictures side by side on a screen and spot four minor differences, writing them down as quickly as possible. Those who wore the doctors coat, which was identical to the painters coat, found more differences. They had acquired heightened attention. Those who wore the painters coat or were primed with merely seeing the doctors coat found fewer differences between the images. The third experiment explored this priming effect more thoroughly. Does simply seeing a physical item, like the coat, affect behavior? Students either wore a doctors coat or a painters coat, or were told to notice a doctors lab coat displayed on the desk in front of them for a long period of time. All three groups wrote essays about their thoughts on the coats. Then they were tested