What Are The Key Features Of The Welfare State - 1814 Words

What are the key features of the welfare state? At first, asking what are the key features of the welfare state are, seems relatively simple: to protect the most at risk in a society? But it is vastly more complicated question to answer when truly thinking about it deeply. The wider impact and problems surround the question of Welfare and what those key features are and should be. Further to this, dependent on who is in charge of the state, may change the very definition of what they consider to be Welfare and how far it should go, based perhaps on their political ideology; be they Conservative or Labour for example, each party may have differing views of how far the state should intervene within the realm of social policy. Firstly this essay will show how and why the foundations of the welfare state came about. The essay will attempt to identify and explain what the key features of the ‘classic welfare state’ (Lowe, 2005), although this is difficult to define as there are many subjectively important features within the realm of welfare, one can easily argue strongly for each separate feature and its level of importance, within society. So this essay will aim to show what are broadly speaking the most crucial within society and what features have been consistently at the forefront of government’s welfare and will finally summarise the findings. To begin, this essay will look at why and how the welfare state came about. It is however important to acknowledge that the exactShow MoreRelated America Needs to Invest the Social Security Trust Fund Essay example799 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica Needs to Invest the Social Security Trust Fund Our nation ensures social welfare through Social Security. However, the United States cannot ensure the welfare of its own welfare system. 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Also, differently with otherRead MoreUse Of Non Fluency Features And Adolescent Identity906 Words   |  4 Pagesrepresented speech; use of non-fluency features; and adolescent identity. There are four students involved in the recording: Olivia Sweeney, Nicholas Grifa, Baskoro Otto, Florence Liu and Justin Liu. This transcript features Mr Christiansen and discussion about APS sport. In transcription, there are certain aspects that represented speech do not communicate readily. Transcription enables greater tangibility in terms of realism. The addition of prosodic features helps the reader to determine changesRead MoreSafeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People1406 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 02 – Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people 1. Using the headings provided, briefly describe the key points of each of the following guidelines and legislation. (1.1) and analyse how these guidelines affect the day to day work with young children (1.3) The Children act 1989 The aim of this act is to simplify the laws that are already in place, which protect children and young people in the UK. It was seen as a â€Å"serious shake up† of children’s rights and protection, and alsoRead MoreThe Portrayal Of African American Women1046 Words   |  5 PagesJazmin Avalos WGS 321 – Outline Assignment Outline for Chapter 4 Thesis: The portrayal of African American women as stereotypical mammies, matriarchs, welfare recipients, and hot mommas helps justify U.S. Black women’s oppression. Outline: 1. The objectification of black women as the other a. Advocating the imagery of U.S. Black women as the Other provides ideological thinking justification for race, gender, and class oppression. (Page 77) i. 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Although neoliberalism has its deep root among western countries such as the US and many others in the EU, China as a socialism country, has its unique take on neoliberalism. In this paper, I will be discussing how neoliberalism emerge in the west and how it become the neoliberalism

The Recession Of The United States - 1192 Words

Introduction The 2008-2010 recession is a period when an economic decline was witnessed in major world markets. The U.S. was among the worst hence pressuring the Federal Reserve to make efforts towards evading further damages. The recession was characterized by a rise in both economic demand and asset prices. Other features of the recession included high cases of unemployment, slumping commodity prices, and a drop of international trade. To avoid a further economic decline, the Federal Reserve implemented various strategies that would help stabilize the nation. In cases of economic imbalances are viewed as the main cause of the recession. In response to the recession’s damages, the Federal Bank had the main task of restoring sanity,†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ To highlight the steps that the Federal Bank followed in evading the recession. †¢ To identify the impacts of the Federal Bank’s actions to the country’s loans, interest rates, and business institutions. Problem Statement The 2008-2010 recession is viewed by many Americans as more severe compared to the 1930s Great Depression. This recession threatened the stability of financial institutions, and a severe drop of stock markets. The crisis facilitated the collapse of key businesses such as the housing sector; consumer wealth declined as well as a downturn in economic activities. The consequences of the recession were negative, and they threatened the stability of major economies. All the faulty monetary and fiscal policies had to be developed for purposes of saving the American economy. The outcome of the recession was so severe that identifying appropriate solutions seemed to be an impossible task. However, the presence of the Federal Bank helped solve the great mystery that was damaging the most economies’ economic well-being. The knowledge of the Federal Bank’s action plan is vital since such challenges may be experienced in the future. Literature Review The Federal Bank implemented various strategies with which it fought the negative impacts of the recession. Various steps were followed in reinstating America’s economy to its previously stable state. The steps followed involved; †¢ Identification of the causative

Essay on The Sister Religions - 580 Words

The Sister Religions Judaism, Christianity and Islam are often referred to as sister religions because they are closely related. However, several pronounced differences tend to alienate the three over the course of history, inducing each to alternate between periods of persecution and tolerance, even to today. Age, founder, population of believers, culture of origin, documentation, and differing views on the Messiah all factor in determining the differences and similarities between these three world religions. To begin, Judaism is the oldest of the three, more of a mother religion. During the Roman occupation of the traditional Jewish homeland, Christianity came into being. Six hundred years later, Islam formed in the Middle†¦show more content†¦In addition, Christianity incorporates about one third of the entire worlds population as followers, divided into differing sects. Islam is the second largest of the three, and Judaism the smallest. 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Islam, founded in the same geographical region as Judaism and by the same types of peoples, includes characters and versions of the stories found in the Jewish and Christian traditions. Muslims believe Abrahams son Ishmael became the ancestor of the entire nation of Islam, as Jews believe themselves the descendants ofShow MoreRelatedThe Muslim Religion For My Site Visit987 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch the Muslim religion for my site visit. I wanted to have in depth experien ce with this religion since I did my group project about Sikhism and during class we went into great detail about every other religion. I did not know what to expect when visiting a mosque, it was a pretty nerve-wracking experience for me being a non-Muslim. I have been raised with Christian morals my whole life even though I have only gone to church a few times in my whole life. 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Continuous Improvement Plan for Lucent Technologies-Free Samples

Question: How Do Continuous Improvement Plan For Lucent Technologies? Answer: Introduction Mackay Regional Council (MRC) is installing a shared footpath in Quota Park for which the company is looking for contractors. A tender has been prepared to seek services from construction contractors for carrying out all the required activities for construction. MRC project has been funded by the Department of Transport and Main Roads (TMR) under the Cycle Network Local Government Grants program for the construction. This report is prepared to develop a continuous improvement plan for the construction project of Quota Park Pathway. A continuous improvement process begins with the identification of current business processes which in this case would be the current improvements in the construction project. These processes are then analyzed to identify scope for waste elimination and value creation(Lee, et al., 2007). Case Study Mackay Regional Council (MRC) is in the process of constructing a shared footpath in Quota Park for the public use for which a tender was prepared to call for vendors for managing construction project. The work would involve supply of all resources including labour and material and construction of culverts, footpath, turf, fencing, pavement and installation of signage as per given drawings in the tender. The project scope also includes waste removal and disposal. The work has to be completed in compliance with the safety, traffic, and environmental standards which include provisions of site establishment, traffic, environment management, drainage management, protection, landscape management and revegetation, earth work, road furniture, and construction of paving. The contract that would be prepared for the execution of the project would include all the operations and terms related to labour management, plant provisions, material, supervision, survey, and more. Continuous Improvement Plan Description This project involves construction of a footpath in Quota part for which a construction tender has been published to call for suppliers and contractors. The purpose of continuous improvement plan is to endure that the construction project gives the best results to the organization using continuous improvement processes. Rationale A continuous improvement process follows Demings Plan Do Check Act cycle in which a plan is first developed on the basis of scope for improvement. This involves selection of a process, identification of purpose, defining of process, data collection, visualization and analysis. Once data analysis is complete, a plan is developed, approved and implemented in the pilot phase. The outcomes are verified and performance is measured to further identify scope for improvement so that new procedures can be established and required changes can be standardized and managed. Objectives The continuous improvement plan has following objectives: To identify if there are wastages in the construction processes and make a plan to eliminate the same Analyse current facilities to come up with a plan for value addition Explain the process of continuous improvement and apply the steps to the case of the construction project Responsible Group The continuous improvement project would include some considerations for planning the responsible team for executing the plan. These considerations include complexity of issues, need for expertise, time requirement, functional areas, and complexity of implementation. A team leader would be involved in managing the entire team as a coordinator who would take information from all the members of the team during the improvement process. The team leader would have certain roles including: Serve as primary coordinator between the project team and sponsor Coordinating the logistics in teams Plan and evaluate meetings with the facilitator Keep the record of all activities carried out the by the team Provide information to all the team members that is required for continuous improvement The team facilitator would have following job responsibilities on the project: Providing assistance to the team leader in meetings Coach the members of the team on the improvement processes Facilitate the group dynamics to enhance productivity Get advisors from outside if required(CCME, 2007) Members for the continuous improvement team would be selected on the basis of the following criteria: Ability to attend all the team meetings Make decisions on the basis of facts and data Have an open mind for learning methods of process improvements Be committed to the continuous improvement Follow the rules set by the project team Independent from each other in making improvements Interested in improving processes Have the knowledge about all the processes to be improved One has to be motivated to bring the process improvements Who are involved in the entire process of improvement from beginning till end(The Pennsylvania State University , 2005) Tasks and activities The continuous improvement plan would have some steps followed through the planning and implementation of continuous improvement for the construction project. They include: Obtaining commitment from the CEO of the company to get buy-in for continuous improvement Educate the top management about continuous improvement concepts such as Demings cycle Create a steering committee to have a monitoring and control over the construction project continuous improvement Identify vision, mission and guiding statements Prepare a workflow of the existing processes in the project Conduct surveys of people including owner, customer and employees Provide training to project team on continuous improvement Establish standards for quality improvement for teams Implement process improvement Use continuous improvement tools to make improvements. The process can be divided into three major stages including Preparation: In the preparation phase, organization identifies a vision for continuous improvement and identifies goals. Present status of the company would be studied and desired state in the future would be analyzed to understand that gap between current and future states. Based on the requirements for improvement, managers would be prepared for leading the activities and tasks. The project would require development of right infrastructure to carry out the activities for continuous development. People responsible for managing processes would be identified. Launch: In this phase, the activities planned for improvement would be carried out and the resulting performance of the company operations would be measured. The phase involves communication of strategies and tools for improvement with all those involved such that a collective understanding of the vision for improvement would be obtained. Good practices for improvement would be identified by involving the staff and pilot processes would be implemented for improvement. The pilot phase would lead to a learning which can be used for the actual implementation at a later stage in execution of the continuous improvement plan(HAMID, 2015). Implementation phase: In this stage, the scope of the improvement activities is increased as decisions can be made based on the measurements obtained from the pilot stage. At this stage, it is very important that processes are aligned and people are managed well. Staffs that contribute to the continuous improvement can be rewarded to keep the motivation on. At this stage, even stakeholders are involved to ensure that expected benefits are achieved from the execution of the continuous improvement plan(Wallace, et al., 1991). Opportunities for Improvement The opportunities for improvement need to be identified for all the processes involved in the construction project. This would involve identification of the problems on the project such as: The sequence of the execution of the construction plan may be explored to identify if sufficient resources or input elements are present before the actual construction would begin. If it is not the case then an improvement may be required by adding provisions before construction began The construction plan may cause high production lead times that can be due to wait time, cycle time, work-in-progress time wastage which can be reduced by applying lean tools for identification and elimination of wastages on the project(GRAHAM Group, 2010) The pace of the production may not be clearly defined which can improved with proper identification of activities and desired durations by the management before execution The monitoring on the project progress may not be very close which can lead to poor control of production. A reliable monitoring technique maybe introduced for improvement The pace of the production can be changed with hiring or releasing resources. In case of decline in the number of resources, higher compensation to others can be done to offset the loss of labour count. The project needs deliveries of materials to be made before the actual construction began and thus, it is important that the cycle time for material procurement and delivery must be less Inspections are required mostly for assessing project progress but at the same time it adds to the lead time. Thus, inspection time must be reduced as a measure for improvement(Vivan, et al., 2016). Certain improvement strategies can be suggested for the construction project for various construction project phases including deigning, procurement, planning and construction such as: Principles of waste reduction can be applied in the deigning stage to eliminate waste, improve design efficiency, and enhance flexibility. These principles include designing for reuse, off-site construction, material optimization, waste-efficient procurement design, and designing for deconstruction and flexibility. For improving the ordering accuracy in procurement, the supplies can be taken from nearby vendors such that order can be placed close to the actual utilization of materials for construction Reusable packing can be used by suppliers of the construction materials. If the sub-contractors are involved in early processes of construction project, communication can be improved. Potential opportunities where waste can be reduced may be identified and steps may be taken for waste reduction such as setting of surplus targets for waste reduction, use of take-back schemes for wasted material, use of re-usable packing and JIT for procurement and inventory management. Communication The communication on the continuous improvement would be managed through the formal procedures where the opportunities identified would be communicated to the change management team which would be followed by a meeting between team members and project manager. In this, meeting, a plan would be formulated for bring the required changes in the organization units for improvement of its processes. Based on this improvement plan, activities would be planned to carry out for the improvement of the old methods by adopting critical chain methodology. Regular communicating would also be made between different team members on improvement program using calls and emails. Stakeholders would also be involved on the project through meetings and emails at the time of requirement development, project outcomes assessment, and acceptance of the outcome of the continuous improvement(Achtmeyer, 2008). Monitoring Progress Continuous improvement tools can be used for monitoring the progress of the project and assess if the improvement has been made as per expectations. These include: Histograms: Histograms can depict frequencies of events or actions. These events could be those hindering the progress of the construction or adding wastages in terms of time or cost such as delays, waiting time and additional costs beyond allotment(Meiling, 2010). Cause and Effect Diagram: Factor that contributes to problems can be identified using cause and effect diagram. The cause and effect diagram would be prepared for the whole construction process as it progresses such that whenever there are problems occurring on the project, appropriate cause can be easily identified and worked upon Check Sheets: Check sheet can be used for collecting data related to problems(AISWARYA.K.LALAJI SIVAGAMI.M, 2014). Pareto Diagrams: Paretos rule can be used for illustrating the priorities of various problems. As per the rule, there would be 80% of the problems that would be contributed by 20% of the factors. Scatter Diagram: Scatter diagrams can be used for displaying relationships between the cause and effect of problems Flowcharts: Flowcharts can provide visual representations of the project activities, stages and decisions related to products or services of the organization(Ashworth, et al., 2013) Budget and Resource Implications For establishing control and reputing structure for the business units through critical chain methodology, both resources and budget would be required. The critical chain plan can be made based on the estimates of the probability of accomplishment of the tasks. To develop a budget that keeps the highest margin for safety and profits of the practices, cost element and resources have to be adjusted. If the deployment of critical chain methodology on projects needs more costs and effort then the schedules would be adjusted based on the need for increases duration that would result from expansion of the scope. A baseline would be created for the determination of need for costs and efforts as per the project buffer time. Adjustments can be made between the time required for impletion and the budget to be allotted(CMS, 2005). Resources can be alternatively utilized on multiple projects depending on the demand of customers. However, this multitasking of resources can result into reduction of the throughput of the whole organization. When resources would migrate from one project to another, intermittent spurts would be caused. This would result into change in the date of completion of the project(Hermansson Karlsson, 2016). Risk Prevention Methods While managing continuous improvement in the organization, risks have to be managed by the organization as risks can occur at various stages of continuous improvement. A strong risks management culture has to be created in the organization going through process improvement. This would involve defining of purpose and values of improvement, adoption of the improvement methods, creating a learning organization that takes lessons from improvement outcomes, and building communication mechanism that allow communication and management of risks. There can be three stages of the risk culture including building of cultural awareness for risk management, changing the organizational culture as per the requirement of risk management, and refining the culture to make improvements thru integrating risk related lessons in the culture, holding people accountable for the risks, and refining risk measurement processes to reflect upon the changes in the business strategies(ACHS, 2013). Conclusions This report was prepared to explore the case of MRC that is planning to construct a footpath in the Quota Park. The company has released a tender to seek construction contractors. In response to the tender, the company is expecting a construction plan and a continuous improvement plan for the construction project. The report involved preparation of the continuous implement plan that is presented covering essential sections of the plan including responsible groups, tasks and activities, opportunities for improvement, monitoring progress, communication, sustainable improvements, budget and resource implications, and risk prevention methods References ACHS, 2013. RISK MANAGEMENT QUALITY IMPROVEMENT HANDBOOK, s.l.: EQuIPNational . Achtmeyer, W. F., 2008. Continuous Process Improvement at Deere Company, s.l.: Tuck School of Business. AISWARYA.K.LALAJI SIVAGAMI.M, 2014. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES (KERALA). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET) , 5(12), pp. 230-234 . Ashworth, M., Ahmed, S. M., Azhar, S. Castillo, M., 2013. Measurement of Construction Processes for Continuous Improvement, Miami: Florida International University. CCME, 2007. GUIDANCE DOCUMENT on CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT (CI) and KEEPING-CLEAN-AREAS-CLEAN (KCAC) , s.l.: Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment . CHAKOUR, P. MAZZOTTI, P., 2015. Construction Management Transformed by the Critical Chain Method. [Online] Available at: https://www.tocico.org/mpage/Chakour9_7IND [Accessed 10 May 2017]. CMS, 2005. Continuous Business Improvement Plan, s.l.: Charlotte Mecklenburg Schools . GRAHAM Group, 2010. Demonstrating continuous improvement in reducing construction waste, s.l.: GRAHAM Group. HAMID, H. B., 2015. CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT CSF FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING CI MATURITY IN ISO AND NON-ISO CERTIFIED CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTING ORGANIZATIONS, s.l.: Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Hermansson, M. Karlsson, M., 2016. Replacing discontinuous change with continuous improvement , Gothenburg, Sweden: CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY. Lee, D. H., Song, Y. W. Choi, Y. K., 2007. CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT PLAN OF BUSINESS PROCESS IN CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, Seoul, Korea: Soongsil University. Meiling, J., 2010. Continuous Improvement and Experience Feedback in off-site Construction: Timber-framed Module Prefabrication, s.l.: Lule University of Technology. Reference for Business, 2000. Lucent Technologies Inc. - Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Lucent Technologies Inc., Murray Hill, New Jersey: Lucent Technologies. The Pennsylvania State University , 2005. Leading for Continuous Improvement, s.l.: Innovation Insights. Vivan, A. L., Ortiz, F. A. H. Paliari, J. C., 2016. Model for kaizen project development for the construction industry. Gest. Prod., So Carlos, 23(2), pp. 333-349. Wallace, G. W., Hybert, P. R. Knicker-McCully, T., 1991. Continuous Improvement and Training , s.l.: Society of Manufacturing Engineers

Cloud Computing in Education Essay Example

Cloud Computing in Education Essay Cloud computing- an emerging trend in education in India 1. Introduction to cloud computing Cloud Computing is the use of common software, functionality or business applications from a remote server that is accessed via the Internet. Basically, the Internet is the cloud of applications and services that are available for access by subscribers utilizing a modem from their computer. With Cloud Computing, one simply logs into desired computer applications such as sales force or office automation programs, web services, data storage services, spam filtering, or even blog sites. Generally, access to such programs is by monthly or annual paid subscription. Through Cloud Computing, businesses may prevent financial waste, better track employee activities, and avert technological headaches such as computer viruses, system crashes, and loss of data. [pic] Characteristics a) Cloud Computing Is User Centric: Once as a user are connected to the cloud, whatever is stored there—documents, messages, images, applications, whatever—becomes authorized to the user access them. ) Cloud Computing Is Task-Centric: Instead of focusing on the application and what it can do, the focus is on what one need done and how the application can do it for us. Traditional applications—word processing, spreadsheets, email, and so on—are becoming less important than the documents they create. c) Cloud Computing Is Powerful: Connecting hundreds or thousands of computers together in a cloud creates a wealth of computing power impossible with a single desktop PC. d) Cloud Computing Is Accessible: Because data is stored in the cloud, users can instantly retrieve more information from multiple repositories. We will write a custom essay sample on Cloud Computing in Education specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cloud Computing in Education specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cloud Computing in Education specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We are not limited to a single source of data, as we do with a desktop PC. e) Cloud Computing Is Intelligent: With all the various data stored on the computers in a cloud, data mining and analysis are necessary to access that information in an intelligent manner. f) Cloud Computing Is Programmable: Many of the tasks necessary with cloud computing must be automated. For example, to protect the integrity of the data, information stored on a single computer in the cloud must be replicated on other computers in the cloud. If that one computer goes offline, the cloud’s programming automatically redistributes that computer’s data to a new computer in the cloud. 2. Services of Cloud Computing The rapid improvement of the capacity of online connectivity gave birth to cloud computing. Although the term was already used since the 90s, the actual adoption of cloud computing in relation to online computing started in the 21st century. Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet. These services are broadly divided into three categories: a) Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS): Infrastructure as a Service is a provision model in which an organization outsources the equipment used to support operations, including storage, hardware, servers and networking components. The service provider owns the equipment and is responsible for housing, running and maintaining it. The client typically pays on a per-use basis. Characteristics and components of IaaS include: †¢ Utility computing service and billing model: (charges per usage) †¢ Automation of administrative tasks. Dynamic scaling. †¢ Desktop virtualization: (multiple network,, centrally located server. ) †¢ Policy-based services. †¢ Internet connectivity. b) Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS): Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a way to rent hardware, operating systems, storage and network capacity over the Internet. The service delivery model allows the customer to rent virtualized servers and assoc iated services for running existing applications or developing and testing new ones. Characteristics of Paas include: Operating system features can be changed and upgraded frequently. Geographically distributed development teams can work together on software development projects. †¢ Services can be obtained from diverse sources that cross international boundaries. Initial and ongoing costs can be reduced by the use of infrastructure services from a single vendor rather than maintaining multiple hardware facilities that often perform duplicate functions or suffer from incompatibility problems. †¢ Overall expenses can also be minimized by unification of programming development efforts. ) Software-as-a-Service (SaaS): Software as a Service (SaaS) is a software distribution model in which applications are hosted by a vendor or service provider and made available to customers over a network, typically the Internet. SaaS is becoming an increasingly prevalent delivery model as un derlying technologies that support Web services and service-oriented architecture (SOA) mature and new developmental approaches, such as Ajax, become popular. SaaS is closely related to the ASP (application service provider) and On Demand Computing software delivery model Characteristics of the SaaS include: easier administration †¢ automatic updates and patch management (acquiring, testing, and installing multiple patches (code)) †¢ compatibility: All users will have the same version of software. †¢ easier collaboration †¢ global accessibility. The traditional model of software distribution, in which software is purchased for and installed on personal computers, is sometimes referred to as software as a product. 3. Advantages Of Cloud Computing 1) Lower-Cost Computers for Users 2) Improved Performance 3) Lower IT Infrastructure Costs 4) Fewer Maintenance Issues 5) Lower Software Costs ) Instant Software Updates 7) Increased Computing Power 8) Unlimited Storage 9 ) Increased Data Safety 10) Improved Compatibility between Operating Systems 11) Improved Document Format Compatibility 12) Easier Group Collaboration 13) Universal Access to Documents 14) Latest Version Availability 15) Removes the Tether to Specific Devices 4. Disadvantages of cloud computing 1) Requires a Constant Internet Connection 2) Doesn’t Work Well with Low-Speed Connections 3) Can Be Slow 4) Features Might Be Limited 5) Stored Data Might Not Be Secure 6) If the Cloud Loses Your Data, You’re Screwed ) 5. History of Cloud computing [pic] [pic] [pic] 6. Architecture of Cloud Computing Individual users connect to the cloud from their own personal computers or portable devices, over the Internet. To these individual users, the cloud is seen as a single application, device, or document. The hardware in the cloud (and the operating system that manages the hardware connections) is invisible. [pic] It all starts with the front-end interface seen by individual users. T his is how users select a task or service (either starting an application or opening a document). The user’s request then gets passed to the system management, which finds the correct resources and then calls the system’s appropriate provisioning services. These services carve out the necessary resources in the cloud, launch the appropriate web application, and either creates or opens the requested document. After the web application is launched, the system’s monitoring and metering functions track the usage of the cloud so that resources are apportioned and attributed to the proper user(s). [pic] 7. The Future of Cloud Computing Cloud computing may be a relatively new concept for some businesses and consumers. But even though some businesses are only starting to adopt and realizing the advantages of cloud computing, industry giants are already looking forward to the next big step of cloud computing. â€Å"cloud† has become the application for business purposes. If a business will not consider their future in cloud computing, the challenges as well as the advantages of cloud computing may not be addressed and fully harnessed. 8. Level of Competition in Cloud Computing Industry Competition is always good in any industry. Through competition, the best services as well as the most competitive prices will come out. The cloud computing industry is no exception to this rule. Companies such as Amazon, Google, Sun Microsystems and SalesForce. com are only some of the highly recognized companies in the cloud computing industry. These companies offer advantages that will fit the need of any businesses. But the level of competition, as some industry experts predict, could soon be gone. The previously mentioned companies are aggressively promoting their services so that they could become the leader in the industry. These companies are now spending millions of dollars in hardware upgrades, human resources and even in advertising. Unfortunately, not every company will come out strong. Some industry experts predict that one of the companies will come out of top and might even become the synonym for cloud computing. On the other hand, smaller companies who provide personalized services for cloud computing are slowly coming out in the open. Their personalized services would be limited to few clients which will give them the ability optimize the services to their clients. 9. Services of Cloud Computing in India 1st  century economic power house: India, the 2nd  fastest growing economy has mesmerized the world with its stunningly high economic growth rate since last 2 decades. A World Bank report has projected that in 2010, the rate of growth of Indias economy would be faster than the currently fastest growing economy (i. e. China). What does this mean for SMBs, PSUs, MNCs or any business entity b ased in India? Last 5 years have seen Indian companies on a buying spree, resulting in acquiring many big small overseas companies. In brief, Indian companies, sitting on a huge cash piles, are ready to rapidly scale up in their niche. Interestingly, India is a global leader in providing IT services but the implementation of IT in its burgeoning domestic market is still lagging. This may be a boon in disguise as they have an opportunity to lap up the latest Cloud Computing technologies. Currently, most of the companies are start-ups and are nowhere near the global giants like Amazon, Google, Salesforce or Microsoft but they have the potentials to compete with these giants in near future. Here’s the list of India based Cloud Computing Service Providers, in random order. a) Zenith InfoTech †¢ Base Location: Mumbai, India †¢ Cloud Offering:  PROUD Cloud Type: IaaS An IT product development and innovation company. With an investment of INR 175-crore, this is considered as India’s one of the most ambitious RD efforts in IT. The company is expecting 2,000 3,000 clients of  Proud  in next 2 years. b) Wolf Frameworks †¢ Base Location: Bangaluru, India †¢ Cloud Offering: Wolf PaaS â € ¢ Cloud Type: PaaS Founded in 2006, it provides affordable cloud service with 99. 97% Service Level Assurance. Wolf is a browser based On Demand Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) for rapidly designing and delivering database driven multi-tenant Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) applications. One can get started without writing any piece of code whatsoever. Coding only comes in when you need custom templates or specific integration Business Rule actions c) OrangeScape †¢ Base Location: Chennai, India †¢ Cloud Offering: OrangeScape Cloud †¢ Cloud Type: PaaS The experience of building business applications of varying complexity across industries has made OrangeScape the most comprehensive PaaS (Platform as a Service) offering in the market. You can transform your idea into a SaaS application and can showcase them to your investors, partners and potential customers. It has an impressive list of customers viz. Ford, Pfizer, Geojit, Sify etc. d) TCS †¢ Base Location: India †¢ Cloud Offering: ITaaS †¢ Cloud Type: IaaS+SaaS ITaaS is a  Nano  in software. ITaaS framework is a one-stop shop for total end-to-end IT and hardware solutions. It includes hardware, network, bandwidth business software. Currently ITaaS is available for 5 sectors: Manufacturing, Retail, Healthcare, Education and Professional Services. e) Cynapse India †¢ Base Location: Mumbai, India †¢ Cloud Offering:  Cyn. in †¢ Cloud Type: IaaS + on Demand SaaS Cyn. n on demand is a cloud hosted service and is the quickest way to get your own cyn. in server, without the hassles of having to set it up. With a Cyn. in on-demand system, you get a dedicated virtual server running a Cyn. in appliance that is maintained updated by Cynapse and hosted by Amazon, ensuring an infrastructure-free and worry-free Cyn. in experience. f) Wipro Technologies †¢ Bas e Location: India †¢ Cloud Offering: Wipro w-SaaS †¢ Cloud Type: SaaS Wipro has built w-SaaS, a platform for rapid SaaS enablement and deployment on cloud, using some of the commonly accepted trends in software engineering and open standards. Wipro chose Oracle (Oracle Database, Oracle WebLogic Application Server and Oracle VM) as the deployment platform for w-SaaS enabled applications. The software vendor can deploy the same application on-premise or on the cloud using w-SaaS and Oracle. g) Netmagic Solutions †¢ Base Location: Mumbai, India †¢ Cloud Offering: CloudNet, CloudServe, PrivateCloud †¢ Cloud Type: IaaS Netmagic looks like a dedicated cloud provider in Indian market with a potential to become a big player in near future. h) Reliance Data Center  (a division of Reliance Communications) †¢ Base Location: India Cloud Offering: Reliance Cloud Computing Services †¢ Cloud Type: IaaS+SaaS+PaaS A hosted infrastructure service based on the  Microsoft  platform for Enterprises and SMBs geared to deliver  India’s largest cloud infrastructure. i) Infosys Technologies †¢ Base Location: Bangalore, India. †¢ Cloud Offering: Cloud based Solution for Auto Sector. †¢ Cloud Type: SaaS Infosys’ Cloud Computing Consulting and Service offerings enable organizations to adopt the Cloud Computing platform selectively and effectively. But brand Infosys, the most recognized IT brand from India has to put significant efforts to catch up with other cloud providers. ) Synage †¢ Base Location: Mumbai, India. †¢ Cloud Offering:  DeskAway †¢ Cloud Type: SaaS A Web company delivering  software as a service (SaaS)  over the Internet to the global audience. DeskAway  is the flagship product of Synage, based on a monthly or yearly subscription model, requiring zero-installation, and powered by a cutting-edge user interface, It’s the future of project team collaboration software. Though the companies listed here have a long way to go before they can be compared with the best in the world yet they have the potential to grow big with the growing Indian economy. 0) cloud computing and education Cloud computing  is another buzz word sp illing into the education sector and IT press. What does it mean for a teacher, for education, for a school? The term ‘cloud computing’ is synonymous with the terms ‘Software as a service’ (SaaS), a hosted service, or utility computing. And for anyone who wants to work from multiple locations – such as different campuses, home, conferences, and while travelling – cloud computing makes perfect sense. Using the services is a simple matter – register for free, agree to the terms and conditions, and then use the application. You don‘t pay, you don’t sign up for a plan, you (usually) don’t have to download anything, or pay licensing fees. For an individual, this is web heaven. What does it mean for education? Cloud computing is used in two ways in the education sector: †¢ by individual teachers or schools: they use the cloud to support particular teaching and learning experiences and the software is available, free, and ready to use. For students cloud applications can add richness and variety to their learning experience enabling them to undertake study activities and collaborate with other students outside standard school hours. The cloud enables an individual teacher to exploit new web software applications for learning purposes without their school. †¢ by jurisdictions: committing to an enterprise implementation. It enables and supports innovation in the use of new technologies for learning with minimal investment. What does it mean for schools? Cloud computing is used to provide enterprise services to schools and jurisdictions. A simple example of this is the  New South Wales Department of Education and Training which is using Google’s Gmail service  to provide an email service to all its school students. The use of the cloud means that increases in usage levels can be easily and immediately accommodated – that is, the service provider can supply additional computer processing power or storage capacity at peak periods, and can reduce supply when it’s not needed. That means jurisdictions don’t have to have to buy, support and maintain a whole infrastructure to service short peak periods. Instead it can utilize the capacity of the cloud. nternet juggernaut Google launched its 3D virtual world ‘Lively’ in July 2008 and closed it in December the same year, much to the dismay of some educators who had started using it for teaching and learning purposes. Cloud computing in education- 2010 Universities are already onboard. According to Educause, about 20% of Universitie s have already moved to a SaaS model for email. This isnt limited to small schools, Clemson University which has nearly 20,000 students switched from web mail to Gmail several years ago. Many schools are also embracing or considering Google Apps. Universites have a long history of academic cooperation. Whether through regional consortiums or techology, colleges and Universites have long built cooperative relationships with other institutions. University systems have a tremendous financial incentive to build shared cloud computing facilities. Alternatively, leading institutions could recoup investment in HPC research computers by selling excess cloud capacity to smaller institutions. Universities have the right identity infrastructure in place. Many schools have already built strong central identity management platforms using open standards around Web Services, Liberty, SAML, and XACML. Additionally, Universities have been strong adopters of Federated Identity technologies like PKI, and In Common. This identity infrastructure is necessary for central cloud services authentication which is absolutely crucial for privacy, compliance, governance, and chargeback billing. In addition to these factors, Universities are notoriously lean when it comes to IT, therefore provisioning a service/application makes a lot more sense the provisioning IT technology infrastructure and then provisioning a service/application. Finally, cloud computing will not be limited to higher education alone actually, it is a perfect fit for K-12 as well. States could establish and run central cloud computing services for schools, eliminate the need for local IT and tech support, and level the playing computing field between rich and poor school districts. In summary, cloud computing infrastructure, platforms, and applications fit education like a glove. Universities are already on board so expect some of the most aggressive and creative cloud implementations to be based on campus. References: http://www. itslearning. co. uk/microsoft ttp://blogs. educationau. edu. au/jmillea/2009/06/23/heading-into-the-cloud-cloud-computing-and-education/ http://www. helium. com/items/1951964-top-10-cloud-computing-service-providers http://groups. google. com/group/cloud-computing/web/list-of-cloud-platforms-providers-and-enablers http://www. nationmultimedia. com/home/2010/04/20/technology/2010-Year-of-cloud-computing-services-30127470. html http://www. exforsys. com/tutorials/cloud-computing/the-future-of-cloud-computing. html http://communication. howstuffworks. com/cloud-computing1. htm http://harbhag. wordpress. com/2010/01/02/cloud-computing/

Biography of Garrett Morgan, Inventor of the Gas Mask

Biography of Garrett Morgan, Inventor of the Gas Mask Garrett Morgan (March 4, 1877–July 27, 1963) was an inventor and businessman from Cleveland who is best known for inventing a device called the Morgan Safety Hood and Smoke Protector in 1914. The invention was later dubbed the gas mask. Fast Facts: Garrett Morgan Known For: Invention of safety hood (early gas mask) and mechanical traffic signalBorn: March 4, 1877 in Claysville,  KentuckyParents: Sydney Morgan, Elizabeth ReedDied: July 27, 1963 in Cleveland,  OhioEducation: Up to sixth gradePublished Works:  The  Cleveland Call, a weekly African American newspaper that he established in 1916, which became the  still-published Cleveland Call and Post in 1929Awards and Honors:  Recognized at the Emancipation Centennial Celebration in  Chicago, Illinois, in August 1963; schools and streets named in his honor; included in the 2002 book,  100 Greatest African Americans  by  Molefi Kete Asante; honorary member of  Alpha Phi Alpha  fraternitySpouse(s): Madge Nelson, Mary HasekChildren: John P. Morgan, Garrett A. Morgan, Jr., and Cosmo H. MorganNotable Quote: â€Å"If you can be the best, then why not try to be the best?†Ã‚   Early Life The son of former slaves, Garrett Augustus Morgan was born in Claysville, Kentucky, on March 4, 1877. His mother was half-Native American and half-white (her father was a white minister named  Rev.  Garrett  Reed), and his father was half-white, the son of the Confederate Colonel John Hunt Morgan, who led Morgans Raiders in the Civil War. Garrett was the seventh of 11 children, and his early childhood was spent attending school and working on the family farm with his brothers and sisters. While still a teenager, he left Kentucky and moved north to Cincinnati, Ohio, in search of opportunities. Although Morgans formal education never took him beyond elementary school, he worked to give himself an education, hiring a tutor while living in Cincinnati and continuing his studies in English grammar. In 1895, Morgan moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where he went to work as a sewing machine repairman for a clothing manufacturer, teaching himself as much as he could about sewing machinery and experimenting with the process. Word of his experiments and his proficiency for fixing things traveled fast and he worked for numerous manufacturing firms in the Cleveland area. In 1907, the inventor opened his sewing equipment and repair shop. It was the first of several businesses he would establish. In 1909, he expanded the enterprise to include a tailoring shop that employed 32 people. The new company turned out coats, suits, and dresses, all sewn with equipment that Morgan himself had made. Marriage and Family Morgan married twice, first to Madge Nelson in 1896; they were divorced in 1898. In 1908 he married Mary Anna Hasek, a seamstress from Bohemia: it was one of the earliest interracial marriages in Cleveland. They had three children, John P., Garrett A., Jr., and Cosmo H. Morgan. The Safety Hood (Early Gas Mask) In 1914, Morgan was awarded two patents for the invention of an early gas mask, the Safety Hood and Smoke Protector. He manufactured the mask and sold it nationally and internationally through the National Safety Device Company, or Nadsco, using a marketing strategy to avoid Jim Crow discrimination- what historian Lisa Cook calls anonymity by dissociation. At the time, entrepreneurs sold their inventions by conducting live demonstrations. Morgan appeared in these events to the general public, with municipal fire departments and city officials representing himself as his own assistant- a Native American man called Big Chief Mason. In the south, Morgan hired whites, sometimes public safety professionals, to stage demonstrations for him. His newspaper advertisements featured smartly dressed white male models. The gas mask proved very popular: New York City quickly adopted the mask, and eventually 500 cities followed suit. In 1916, a refined model of Morgans gas mask was awarded a gold medal at the International Exposition of Sanitation and Safety and another gold medal from the International Association of Fire Chiefs. The Lake Erie Crib Disaster On July 25, 1916, Morgan made national news for using his gas mask to rescue men trapped during an explosion in an underground tunnel located 250 feet beneath Lake Erie. No one had been able to reach the men, 11 of them had died as had 10 others attempting to rescue them. Called in the middle of the night six hours after the incident, Morgan and a team of volunteers donned the new gas masks and brought two workers out alive and recovered the bodies of 17 others. He personally gave artificial respiration to one of the men he rescued. Afterward, Morgans company received many additional requests from fire departments around the country that wished to purchase the new masks. However, the national news contained photographs of him, and officials in a number of southern cities canceled their existing orders when they discovered he was black. In 1917, the Carnegie Hero Fund Commission reviewed the reports of heroism displayed during the disaster. Based on news reports that downplayed Morgans role, the Carnegie board decided to give the prestigious Hero award to a minor figure in the rescue effort who was white, rather than to Morgan. Morgan protested, but the Carnegie Institution said he hadnt risked as much as the other person had because he had safety equipment. Some reports say the Morgan gas mask was modified and used in World War I after the Germans unleashed chemical warfare at Ypres on April 22, 1915, although theres no strong evidence for it. Despite Morgans popularity in the United States, there were dozens of other masks on the market by then, and most used in WWI were of English or French manufacture. The Morgan Traffic Signal In 1920, Morgan moved into the newspaper business when he established the Cleveland Call. As the years went on, he became a prosperous and widely respected businessman and was able to purchase a home and an automobile, invented by Henry Ford in 1903. In fact, Morgan was the first African-American to purchase an automobile in Cleveland, and it was Morgans experience while driving along the streets of that city that inspired him to invent an improvement to traffic signals. After witnessing a collision between an automobile and a horse-drawn carriage, Morgan took his turn at inventing a traffic signal. While other inventors had experimented with, marketed, and even patented traffic signals, Morgan was one of the first to apply for and acquire a U.S. patent for an inexpensive way to produce a traffic signal. The patent was granted on November 20, 1923. Morgan also had his invention patented in Great Britain and Canada. Morgan stated in his patent for the traffic signal: This invention relates to traffic signals, and particularly to those which are adapted to be positioned adjacent the intersection of two or more streets and are manually operable for directing the flow of traffic...In addition, my invention contemplates the provision of a signal which may be readily and cheaply manufactured. The Morgan traffic signal was a T-shaped pole unit that featured three positions: Stop, Go and an all-directional stop position. This third position halted traffic in all directions to allow pedestrians to cross streets more safely. Morgans hand-cranked semaphore traffic management device was in use throughout North America until all manual traffic signals were replaced by the automatic red, yellow  and green-light traffic signals currently used around the world. The inventor sold the rights to his traffic signal to the General Electric Corporation for $40,000. Other Inventions Throughout his life, Morgan was always experimenting to develop new concepts. Though the traffic signal came at the height of his career and became one of his most famous inventions, it was just one of several innovations he developed, manufactured, and sold over the years. Morgan invented a zig-zag stitching attachment for ​the  manually operated sewing machine. He also founded a company that made personal grooming products  such as hair dying ointments and the curved-tooth pressing comb. As word of Morgans life-saving inventions spread across North America and England, demand for these products grew. He was frequently invited to conventions and public exhibitions to demonstrate how his inventions worked. Death Along with many others, Morgan lost most of his wealth with the stock market crash, but it didnt stop his inventive nature. He developed glaucoma, but at the time of his death he was still working on a new invention: a  self-extinguishing  cigarette. Morgan died on August 27, 1963, at the age of 86. His life was long and full, and his creative energies were recognized both during and after his lifetime. Legacy Morgans inventions have had a tremendous impact on the safety and well-being of people all over the world- from miners to soldiers to first responders to ordinary car owners and pedestrians. Another ongoing legacy is his weekly newspaper, originally named the  Cleveland Call and now called the  Cleveland Call and Post. His achievements as a son of slaves, against all odds and in the face of Jim Crow era discrimination, are inspiring. Case Western University awarded him an honorary degree, and his papers are stored there.   Sources Asante, Molefi Kete (2002),  100 Greatest African Americans: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books.  ISBN  1 of Garrett Morgan. The Business History Review 86.2 (2012): 211–34. Print.Evans, Harold, Gail Buckland, and David Lefer. Garrett Augustus Morgan (1877–1963): He came to the rescue with his gas mask. They Made America: From the Steam Engine to the Search Engine: Two Centuries of Innovators. New York City: Little Brown, 2004.  Garner, Carla. â€Å"Garrett A., Sr. Morgan (1877-1963) BlackPast.†Ã‚  BlackPast, 29 Jan. 2019.King, William M. Guardian of the Public Safety: Garrett A. Morgan and the Lake Erie Crib Disaster. The Journal of Negro History 70.1/2 (1985): 1–13. Print.PBS, Garrett Augustus Morgan. Public Broadcasting Service.Smart, Jeffrey K. History of the Army Protective Mask. Natick, Massachusetts: NBC Defense Systems: Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command, 1999. Print.

Literacy Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Literacy Practices - Essay Example Writing and reading are always understood in the context they are written in. Many individuals consider reading as an easy way of handling boredom and the discomforts associated with waiting. It turns a time duration that will otherwise be rendered useless, into an appropriate chance for acquiring knowledge and also entertainment. Reading is effective in developing a barrier between an individual and the external world. This enables the individual to ignore the undesired attention and ensure the sense of privacy. Concentrating attention on text materials renders it socially appropriate to ignore the interaction with other individuals. The language that the text is written in is very important. For instance, the outsiders can consider individuals reading the English newspaper or magazine in India as favoring the foreign cultures. But, this does not illustrate the complexities of the usage of the English language in India. India’s national language, and thus is easily applied during the important official communications. In India, the English language is majorly associated with the middle and upper classes. Thus, reading English literary materials associates an individual with higher aspirations. English is the key language in India’s higher education system. Thus individual reading English texts, illustrates higher academic achievements. English is also the official communication language during large scale commerce nationally or internationally. Thus English is significant in the business culture. Lecture instructions, diaries and blogs are common everyday writings that are considered â€Å"vernacular literary practices.† The practices illustrate significant personal roles that assist in organizing life by making records of issues like; finance, birthdays, social contacts, and life documentaries. Analysis of these practices illustrates the insights into the practices of ordinary